Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride Application on the Rat Bladder
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: To establish a new bladder denervation model for bladder augmentation, using benzalkonium chloride (BCl) treatment, and to characterize the normal and treated rat bladder both urodynamically and immunohistochemically. METHODS: Adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups, and the bladders were treated with a local application of 0.3% BCl for 30 min in the denervation group and saline in the control group. Before and at the 8th week after treatment, cystometry was performed in all rats, and results were recorded. The bladders were removed and whole-mount sections were prepared, and also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: BCl-treated rats showed a significant increase in bladder capacity (p < 0.05), but no significant change was observed in other cystometric parameters (p > 0.05) when compared with control rats. Immunohistochemistry revealed none or very few nerve fibers within the BCl-treated bladders. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that denervation caused by BCl is useful for augmentation of the rat bladder. Bladder capacity was increased by the local application of BCl without impairing bladder functions. This method with a better understanding of the effects of BCl may be useful for augmentation in patients who have neurogenic bladder with low capacity.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it