A practical testing battery to measure neurobehavioral ability among children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Kalberg, W., May, P., Blankenship, J., Buckley, D., Gossage, J., & Adnams, C. (2013). A practical testing battery to measure neurobehavioral ability among children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 2(3), 51-60. doi:10.7895/ijadr.v2i3.83 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i3.83)Aim: To determine a brief, practical battery of tests that discriminate between children with a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and unexposed controls.Design: Children received dysmorphology exams and a targeted battery of cognitive and behavioral tests, and their mothers were interviewed about maternal risk factors. Children diagnosed with an FASD and children unexposed to alcohol prenatally were compared on cognitive-behavioral test results.Setting: A community in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.Participants: Sixty-one first-grade children with FASD and 52 matched normal controls.Measures: Statistical analyses of maternal drinking behavior and the children’s test performances.Findings: Self-reported maternal drinking patterns before, during, and after pregnancy were used to confirm prenatal exposures to alcohol in the group of children diagnosed with FASD. With this sample of children diagnosed with FASD and completely unexposed controls, the adverse effects of maternal drinking on children’s performance are corroborated. Results of the battery of standardized cognitive and behavioral tests indicate highly significant differences (p ≤ .001) between the two groups on intelligence, perceptual motor skills, and planning, and on logical, spatial, short term, long term, and working memory abilities. Furthermore, a binary logistical regression model of only three specific cognitive and behavioral tests, including Digit Span A+B (Wald = 3.90), Absurd Situation (Wald = 4.73), and Word Association (Wald = 6.85) correctly classified 77.6% of the child participants as FASD or controls.Conclusions: A brief, practical set of tests can discriminate between children with and without FASD and provide useful information for interventions for affected children.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".