Agamid lizard (Agamidae: Uromastycinae) from the lower Oligocene of Egypt
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Agamid lizards are currently found in Africa, Asia, the eastern Mediterranean region and Australia. Together with the Chamaeleonidae and some extinct basal forms, they comprise the Acrodonta, lizards with acrodont dentition. The Acrodonta have been suggested to have a Gondwanan origin, with the oldest members found in the Triassic of India. The first agamids are known from the Late Cretaceous of Asia, and the group is widely distributed in the northern hemisphere throughout much of the Paleogene. However, the fossil history of Acrodonta on the Afro-Arabian plate is extremely limited: a single jaw fragment bearing acrodont dentition, possibly attributable to Agamidae, has been reported from the Paleogene of Morocco, and material identified as agamid was reported from the Oligocene of Oman. We here add to the African record the first clear evidence of Agamidae, represented by several jaws with attached teeth from earliest Oligocene deposits of the Jebel Qatrani Formation in the Fayum Depression, Egypt. Characters of the teeth, including very rounded labial surface, shearing edges concave lingually, shearing tip crescentic and accessory cusps absent, are similar to those of Uromastyx. Species of Uromastyx currently inhabit the Saharan and Somalian regions of Africa and adjacent Arabia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".