P4–385: Cognitive changes following oophorectomy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicating oophorectomy prior to natural menopause is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's Disease (Rocca et al., 2007) and parkinsonism (Rocca et al., 2008) suggests that estrogen deprivation is implicated in cognitive decline. However, the trajectory of cognitive changes following oophorectomy is poorly understood beyond six months post-surgically (Sherwin, 1988). The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effects of estrogen deprivation induced by oophorectomy on cognitive functioning, up to ten years post-surgically. The experimental group comprised of female carriers of the BRCA1/2 mutation who had undergone a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO; removal of fallopian tubes and ovaries) between one to seven years ago as prophylaxis against the risk of gynaecological cancers. An age-matched control group of healthy women and a BRCA control group comprised of women with a BRCA mutation prior to oophorectomy were also recruited. All women were tested once a year, for three years using a battery of neuropsychological tests assessing spatial and verbal memory, working memory, as well as executive functioning. Urine and saliva samples were taken respectively to determine estrogen levels at the time of testing and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. It was hypothesized that women who have undergone BSO would score lower on measures of verbal memory. Carriers of the APOE E4 allele who had undergone BSO were hypothesized to perform the worst as the E4 allele is associated with an increased vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease. Results indicate that women with BSO performed significantly worse than age-matched controls on the immediate and delayed recall of the Logical Memory task of the Wechsler Memory Scale. Years since oophorectomy was also negatively correlated to the score on the delayed recall of the RAVLT after controlling for age. Preliminary results suggest that premature estrogen deprivation is associated with a decrement in verbal memory compared to women matched in age and education. Importantly, time since BSO appears to exacerbate the decline of verbal memory independent of age. Results corroborate previous research showing cognitive decline post-BSO, but also suggests that verbal memory declines as a function of time since estrogen deprivation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".