Evaluating the Reliability of a Novel Neck-Strength Assessment Protocol for Healthy Adults Using Self-Generated Resistance with a Hand-Held Dynamometer
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the intra- and inter-session test-retest agreement of a novel neck-strength assessment protocol using a hand-held dynamometer. BACKGROUND: A literature review found a lack of neck-strength assessment protocols that are both portable and reliable. Hand-held dynamometry is a portable and inexpensive method of assessing muscle strength, but it is not commonly used for neck-strength assessment. METHODS: A hand-held dynamometer was used to evaluate neck strength in 30 healthy participants. The device measured maximum force in cervical flexion, extension, side flexion, side flexion with rotation, and pure rotation, using the ipsilateral hand to apply isometric resistance over 3 seconds. Three measurements were taken over 6-8 days. RESULTS: Test-retest intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) showed high reliability, ranging from 0.94 to 0.97 for all tested directions from Trial 1 to Trial 2 (intra-session reliability, ICC [2,1], absolute). ICC values demonstrated good to high inter-session reliability, ranging from 0.87 to 0.95 for all tested directions from Trial 1 to Trial 3 (ICC [2,1], absolute). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the five test positions of the neck and upper-quadrant strength assessment protocol can be performed using hand-held dynamometry with good to high reliability.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it