Liposome Layers Characterized by Quartz Crystal Microbalance Measurements and Multirelease Delivery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intact liposomes have been immobilized onto solid surfaces by a NeutrAvidin-biotin link. The construction of these layers has been followed up by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements with energy dissipation monitoring. Also, the simultaneous release of two fluorescent probes from these liposome layers has been investigated with the aim to validate this method in multirelease delivery systems. XPS showed the successful immobilization of the different layers. XPS results also point out the importance of the deactivation method used to reveal the presence of the specific NeutrAvidin-biotin attachment. QCM measurements allowed the buildup of the different layers to be followed in real time and in situ and suggest that biotinylated liposomes stay intact upon surface attachment on NeutrAvidin-covered surfaces and had viscoelastic behavior. QCM experiments also demonstrated that surface-immobilized liposomes were able to resist irreversible adsorption from fetal bovine serum. Release kinetic profiles were studied by monitoring the release of two different fluorescent probes, namely, carboxyfluorescein and levofloxacin, from these liposome layers. These studies showed that it was possible to modulate to some extent the release rates of the two molecules by using different configurations of liposome layers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".