Bibliographic record
Abstract
The title of Sarah Michael's Undermining Development: The Absence of Power among Local NGOs in Africa accurately describes both her thesis and her principal concerns. The study, which compares development related, nongovernmental organizations in sub-Saharan Africa with their counterparts in Asia and Latin America, serves Michael's primary purpose, which is to identify strategies that will empower local African organizations. In this regard, Michael's research reflects the realities that face the international development community, and it points to adjustments that are needed generally to support local organizations' efforts to achieve sustainability. Michael contends that the lack of power that characterizes indigenous nongovernmental organizations in sub-Saharan Africa is one of the primary factors undermining development in Africa. This powerlessness can be correlated with the overall state of underdevelopment on the continent. Michael is interested in knowing why African nongovernmental organizations have not succeeded in positioning themselves as powerful instruments for development given that some of their counterparts in Asia and Latin America have been able to shift the balance of power in their favor. She goes beyond the traditional rhetoric that points to the flaws of African organizations. In particular, she examines the evolution and the environmental factors that have been conducive to the empowerment of Asian and Latin American groups. This analysis becomes her frame of reference for helping indigenous African organizations appropriate more power for themselves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".