Former occurrences of geese (Genera Anser and Branta) in ancient West Greenland: morphological and biometric approaches
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Goose remains from 16 prehistoric localities ranging from the beginning of the Saqqaq period, c. 2400 B.C., to Colonial times, c. 1850 A.D. were examined in order to elucidate the prehistoric distribution of goose populations in Central West Greenland. The site of Nipisat I, Sisimiut/Holsteinsborg District, dated to c. 2000-500 B.C., provided nearly 1800 goose remains which were compared to extant Greenland goose species of the genera Branta and Anser. The Nipsat I geese were significantly smaller than the White- fronted Geese Anser albifrons flavirostris and could be assigned to the genus Branta based on the unpneumatised furcula. The presence of juvenile goose bones and 63 percent of the femora containing medullary bone demonstrated that the Nipisat I geese bred or at least staged in close proximity to the coast. The following scenario is suggested: a Branta species, presumably a smaller subspecies of Canada Goose Branta canadensis, may have co-existed with White-fronted Geese, documented in the interior of the Nuuk/Godthab District since at least c. 1000-1400 A.D. and the interior of the Sisimiut/Holsteinsborg District since at least c. 1200-1300 A.D. The Brent Goose Branta bernicla hrota, was es- tablished as a member of the Greenland avifauna 4000-4500 years ago and possibly earlier.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".