Investigation of the Effects of High‐Pressure Hydrogen on <scp> <scp> Pb(Zr,Ti)O <sub>3</sub> </scp> </scp> ( <scp> <scp>PZT</scp> </scp> ) Ceramics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lead–zirconate–titanate Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 ( PZT )‐based actuators are being evaluated by the automotive industry for advanced fuel injection systems, including injection of hydrogen. However, hydrogen can penetrate PZT lattice with deleterious effects on the functionality and properties of PZT . The effect of long‐term (200–1200 h) high‐pressure (100 bar) hydrogen exposure on the microstructure and electrical properties of PZT has been investigated in the present work. It is found that while the hydrogen atmosphere has only superficial effects on the microstructure of bare PZT plates, it has considerable deleterious effects on the microstructure of electrode/ PZT /electrode assembly. The degradation consisted of the development of a porous layer just beside the electrodes on the PZT surface, detachment of the electrodes from the PZT , and extensive damage to the Ag/Pd electrodes. The effect of hydrogen on the capacitance of the electrode/ PZT /electrode assembly was also studied by online monitoring of the changes in capacitance in H 2 ; no noticeable changes were observed in capacitance during the hydrogen treatment under the given conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".