Optical resolution photoacoustic microendoscopy with ultrasound-guided insertion and array system detection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using a 0.8-mm-diameter image guide fiber bundle consisting of 30,000 single-mode fibers and an external linear array transducer, we demonstrate a dual-mode photoacoustic system capable of ultrasound-guided microendoscope insertion and photoacoustic imaging. The array optical resolution photoacoustic microendoscopy (AOR-PAME) system is designed to visualize the placement of the distal end of an endoscopy probe several centimeters into tissue, transmit scanning focused laser pulses into tissues via the fiber bundle, and acquire the generated photoacoustic signals. A ytterbium-doped fiber laser is tightly focused and is scanned across the proximal tip of the image guide fiber bundle using a two-dimensional galvanometer scanning mirror system. The end of the fiber bundle is used in contact mode with the object. The capabilities of AOR-PAME are demonstrated by imaging carbon fiber networks embedded in tissue-mimicking phantoms and the ears of a 60-g rat. The lateral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio are measured as 9 μm and 40 dB, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".