Study on surface modification by surface‐modifying macromolecules and its applications in membrane‐separation processes
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Surface‐modifying macromolecules (SMMs) are oligomeric fluoropolymers synthesized by polyurethane chemistry and tailored with fluorinated end groups. In the literature, several formulations of SMMs have been developed and blended with base polymers of polyurethanes and polyethersulfone for surface modification. It has been shown that SMMs migrate to the surface and the fluorine end groups orient themselves toward the air–polymer interface, reducing the surface energy of the hydrophilic base polymer to values close to that of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon). Because only a small amount of SMMs was needed, the bulk properties of the base polymer remained relatively unchanged. The properties of the SMM polymers were characterized, including molecular weights, elemental analysis, and thermal transitions. The morphology and surface properties of the SMM‐modified and unmodified membranes were assessed. The use of SMMs has been tested for use in ultrafiltration, pervaporation, and biomedical applications. SMM‐modified membranes offer advantages over unmodified membranes and the use of SMMs will continue to be the focus of future studies. This study reviews the recent development of surface‐modifying macromolecules (SMMs) and SMM‐blended membranes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2902–2916, 2003
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it