IR signature of (CO2)N clusters: size, shape and structural effects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The structure of carbon dioxide aggregates is investigated by means of direct absorption IR specroscopy in the region of the antisymmetric stretching vibration v3. The (CO2)N particles are generated under dynamic (supersonic cooling in Laval nozzles) and static (collisional cooling cells) conditions over a broad mean size range (20 < N < 10(5)). The vibrational exciton approach is used to interpret the observed spectral features. The particles generated by supersonic cooling remain globular in shape even for the largest explored aggregate sizes (N approximately 10(5)), thus highlighting the absence of agglomeration between primary clusters under our jet conditions. This is in contrast to collisional cooling where the primary particles strongly agglomerate after a few seconds. The spectra for the larger particles (N > 10(4)) are well reproduced by the simulations if cuboctahedral or octahedral rather than spherical aggregate shapes are assumed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".