Impaired Baroreflex Gain in Patients with Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability (BPV), and baroreflex gain (BRG) at rest and during orthostatic stress in patients with clinical criteria of inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST). METHODS AND RESULTS: Beat-to-beat HRV and BPV, measured by time- and frequency-domain methods, and noninvasive BRG, calculated by cross-spectral analysis, were obtained during 10 minutes both at rest and during the stabilization phase (5-15 min) of orthostatic stress at 60 degrees in 8 patients with clinical criteria of IST and 9 healthy volunteers (CON). IST patients had a higher resting mean heart rate (78.8 +/- 5.3 vs 58.5 +/- 4.2 beats/min, P=0.01) and mean blood pressure (90.4 +/- 2.4 vs 72.0 +/- 4.2 mmHg; P=0.002). RMSSD, pNN50m, and BRG were significantly reduced in IST patients at rest. BRG during orthostatic stress (7.2 +/- 0.8 vs 20.3 (2.4 ms/mmHg, P <0.01) was significantly reduced in IST patients. Delta BRG (-16.9%+/- 11 vs -50.1%+/- 5, P=0.02) was markedly blunted during orthostatic stress in IST patients. CONCLUSION: BRG was markedly impaired both at rest and during orthostatic stress in IST patients. This alteration may be responsible for the higher resting heart rate and mean blood pressures seen at rest and may facilitate tachycardia during orthostatic stress. A primary alteration in sinus node automaticity coupled with impaired BRG determines heart rate response to orthostatic stress in patients with IST.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it