Multi-temporal radar backscattering measurements and modelling of rice fields using a multi-frequency (L, S, C, and X) scatterometer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents the backscattering coefficients of rice fields obtained using an L-, S-, C-, and X-band scatterometer system during the growth period for a rice field. The system has full-polarizations (VV, VH, HV, and HH) and can view various incidence angles (0°~90°) and azimuth angles (0°~360°). The field measurements were performed in Qionglai County of Chengdu (China) during the 2009 rice-growing season. The rice parameters, including biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and canopy structure, were also measured experimentally in the field. The results indicate that the backscattering coefficients are sensitive to the biomass and LAI. Combined with the rice parameters, the scattering properties of rice growth are analysed using the Monte Carlo model, which relies on a realistic description of the rice, enhancing the backscattering and clustering effects of the scatterers. The model is also improved using more realistic growth characteristics of rice to obtain accurate statistics for the backscattering coefficients, including the random tilt angle of rice stems and the probability density function (PDF) of rice leaves. The modelling results agree quite well with the field measurements of rice backscattering.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".