Natural infection by intestinal cestodes: variability and effect on growth in Greater Snow Goose goslings (<i>Chen caerulescens atlantica</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We determined the species of intestinal helminths in Greater Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens atlantica) goslings and examined annual variability in infection levels over a 5-year period on Bylot Island, Nunavut. The intestines of 112 wild goslings collected when near fledging were examined. We also evaluated the effect of intestinal parasites on growth and behaviour of captive goslings in a controlled experiment. In 2000, one group (n = 11) was treated with anthelmintic drugs (Piperazine 52 for nematodes and Droncit® for cestodes) and the other (n = 14) was used as a control. Four hymenolepidid cestodes were identified: Drepanidotaenia lanceolata, Hymenolepis barrowensis, Microsom acanthus setigera, and Retinometra longivaginata. No nematodes were detected. Prevalence of intestinal cestodes in wild goslings was 100% but their abundance varied among years (from 28.9 ± 2.7 to 175.2 ± 49.7 (mean ± SE) cestodes per host) and individuals. Captive goslings treated with anthelmintic drugs were free of parasites, whereas all control goslings were parasitized when sacrificed at 36 d, although cestode abundance in the latter group was much lower (4.2 ± 0.7) than in wild goslings. There was no difference in growth rates between treated and control captive goslings until they were 36 d of age. However, treated goslings spent more time feeding than control ones, which suggests an effect of cestodes on host behaviour.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".