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Record W2007998775 · doi:10.4212/cjhp.v65i6.1192

Conversion from Epoetin Alfa to Darbepoetin Alfa: Effects on Patients’ Hemoglobin and Costs to Canadian Dialysis Centres

2012· article· en· W2007998775 on OpenAlexafffundvenueabout
Jessica Jordan, Joanne Breckles, Valerie Leung, Maryann Hopkins, Marisa Battistella

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · 2012
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicErythropoietin and Anemia Treatment
Canadian institutionsUniversity of TorontoUniversity Health NetworkOttawa HospitalToronto East General HospitalToronto General Hospital
FundersAmgen CanadaAmgen
KeywordsDarbepoetin alfaEpoetin alfaMedicineDialysisErythropoietinIntensive care medicineInternal medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Background : The erythropoiesis-stimulating agents epoetin alfa (EPO) and darbepoetin alfa (DPO) effectively treat the anemia that occurs in most patients undergoing hemodialysis. Published studies indicate that these 2 agents have similar efficacy and safety outcomes, but their relative costs in actual practice in Canada have not been extensively studied.Objectives : To determine the relative utilization and cost of erythropoiesis- stimulating agents in Canadian practice. Secondary objectives were to examine various clinical parameters in patients receiving these drugs.Methods : In this retrospective, open-label, observational study, 3 hospital- based hemodialysis centres in Ontario, Canada, converted patients from EPO to DPO over the period July 2004 to April 2006. The starting dose-conversion ratio was 200:1.The dose of DPO was changed, as needed, to achieve the same target hemoglobin (Hb) as before the conversion (110–120g/L). For 3 to 6 months before conversion, and for 6 to 12 months after, weekly dose of erythropoiesis-stimulating \ agent, dose-conversion ratio, serum Hb, ferritin, and transferrin saturation were recorded for each patient at all 3 sites. One site also documented medication administration errors before and after the conversion.Results : Data were collected for a total of 442 patients. Baseline patient characteristics were similar across the 3 sites. The median dose-conversion ratio for each hemodialysis centre ranged from 288:1 to 400:1, and the average annual per-patient savings varied between $2140 and $4711. No clinically meaningful differences between EPO and DPO were reported in terms of patients’ serum hemoglobin levels, iron dose, or number of transfusions. With DPO, the relative risk of medication administration errors was reduced by 72% (p < 0.001) (based on data from one site).Conclusion : In this real-world evaluation of the clinical effectiveness and cost-efficiency of switching patients from EPO to DPO, patients’ clinical outcomes were maintained while considerable reductions in cost were achieved.RÉSUMÉContexte : Les agents stimulant l’érythropoïèse, l’époétine alfa (EPO) et la darbépoétine alfa (DPO), traitent efficacement l’anémie qui survient chez les patients hémodialysés. Des études publiées montrent que l’innocuité et l’efficacité de ces deux agents sont similaires, mais leurs coûts relatifs dans la pratique actuelle au Canada n’ont pas été étudiés de façon exhaustive.Objectif : Déterminer l’utilisation et le coût relatifs des agents stimulant l’érythropoïèse dans la pratique au Canada. Les objectifs secondaires étaient d’examiner divers paramètres cliniques chez les patients recevant ces médicaments.Méthodes : Dans le cadre de cette étude observationnelle, ouverte rétrospective, trois services hospitaliers d’hémodialyse en Ontario, au Canada, ont fait passer les patients de l’EPO à la DPO pendant la période allant de juillet 2004 à avril 2006. Le facteur de conversion de la dose de départ était de 200 : 1. Les doses de DPO ont été modifiées, au besoin, pour atteindre les mêmes taux cibles d’hémoglobine (Hb) qu’avant la conversion (de 110 à 120 g/L). De 3 à 6 mois avant la conversion, et pendant une période de 6 à 12 mois par la suite, on a noté la dose hebdomadaire d’agent stimulant l’érythropoïèse, le facteur de conversion de la dose de maintien, le taux d’Hb sérique, le taux de ferritine et le taux de saturation de la transferrine pour chaque patient dans les trois services. Un service a aussi consigné les erreurs d’administration des médicaments avant et après la conversion.Résultats : Les données ont été recueillies chez un total de 442 patients. Les caractéristiques de base des patients étaient similaires dans les trois services. Le facteur de conversion médian de la dose de maintien pour chaque service d’hémodialyse variait de 288 : 1 à 400 : 1 et les économies annuelles moyennes par patient variaient de 2140 $ à 4711 $. Aucune différence cliniquement significative entre l’EPO et la DPO n’a été observée pour ce qui est des taux d’Hb sérique, de la dose de fer ou du nombre de transfusions. Le risque relatif d’erreurs dans l’administration des médicaments a été réduit de 72 % (p < 0,001) avec la DPO (selon les données provenant d’un service).Conclusion : Cette évaluation en contexte réel de l’efficacité clinique et de la rentabilité du remplacement de l’EPO par la DPO a révélé que les résultats cliniques ont été maintenus tout en permettant des réductions de coût considérables.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.010
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.062
Threshold uncertainty score0.374

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.010
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.003
Science and technology studies0.0020.001
Scholarly communication0.0020.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.008
GPT teacher head0.247
Teacher spread0.239 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations15
Published2012
Admission routes4
Has abstractyes

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