Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Numerical simulations have been undertaken for the film‐blowing process of viscoelastic fluids under different operating conditions. Viscoelasticity is described by an integral constitutive equation of the K‐BKZ type with a spectrum of relaxation times, which can fit the experimental data well for the shear and extensional viscosities and the normal stresses measured in shear flow. Nonisothermal conditions are considered by applying the Morland–Lee hypothesis, which incorporates the appropriate shift factor and pseudotime into the constitutive equation. The momentum and energy equations are expressed in the machine direction only by using a quasi‐one‐dimensional approach introduced earlier by Pearson and Petrie. The resulting system of differential equations is solved using the finite element method and the Newton‐Raphson iterative scheme. The method of solution was first checked against the Newtonian and Maxwell results for various film characteristics given earlier. The simulations are compared with available experimental data and previous simulations in terms of film shape, velocity, stresses, and temperature. The present results show that the existing modeling of force balances is inadequate for quantitative agreement with the experimental studies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".