Self-Aggregation of Alkyl (C<sub>10</sub>-, C<sub>12</sub>-, C<sub>14</sub>-, and C<sub>16</sub>-) Triphenyl Phosphonium Bromides and Their 1:1 Molar Mixtures in Aqueous Medium: A Thermodynamic Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The self-aggregation of alkyl (C 10 -, C 12 -, C 14 -, and C 16 -) triphenyl phosphonium bromide surfactants (ATPBs) and their equimolar binary mixtures in aqueous medium was studied microcalorimetrically and conductometrically at different temperatures. The thermograms of C 10 - and C 12 TPB have shown differences in behavior from those of C 14 - and C 16 TPB. Their binary (1:1 mol/mol) mixtures with C 10 - or C 12 TPB as one of the components have also evidenced differences in behavior. Individually as well as in mixed conditions, the ATPBs have indicated formation of two states of aggregation corroborated by both calorimetric and conductometric measurements. On the basis of the results, the thermodynamic parameters, free energy (Δ G m °), enthalpy (Δ H m °), entropy (Δ S m °), and specific heat (Δ C p m °), of micellization have been evaluated. The specific heat has been found to vary linearly with the carbon number in the ATPB chain. The Δ H m ° and Δ S m ° values for the micellization of the pure ATPBs have nicely compensated each other. The free energy of transfer of a mole of CH 2 from an aqueous environment to a micelle was found to be −2.0 kJ mol -1 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".