Bibliographic record
Abstract
During the assembly of HIV-1, tRNA(Lys) isoacceptors are selectively packaged into the virion, and one of these, tRNA(Lys3), is annealed to the viral RNA genome where it acts to prime the reverse transcriptase (RT)-catalyzed synthesis of viral DNA. We review herein what is known about the selective packaging and annealing of primer tRNA(Lys3). Current evidence suggests that a complex of two major precursor viral proteins, Pr55gag and Pr160(gag-pol), interact with a tRNA(Lys)/lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) complex during viral assembly, with Pr55gag interacting with both LysRS and Pr160(gag-pol), and RT sequences within Pr160(gag-pol) binding to tRNA(Lys). LysRS appears to target the tRNA(Lys) isoacceptors for incorporation into HIV-1. In the virion, the 3' terminal 18 nucleotides of tRNA(Lys3) anneals to an 18-nucleotide sequence at the 5' terminal region of viral RNA termed the primer binding site (PBS). Evidence is presented that other regions on the tRNA(Lys3) also anneal with other regions in viral RNA upstream of the PBS, resulting in a destabilized tRNA(Lys3) structure. Both viral and tRNA(Lys3) regions need to be denatured to establish annealing, and the roles of both viral and cellular proteins in this process are discussed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".