Diatoms as indicators of long-term nutrient enrichment in metal-contaminated urban lakes from Sudbury, Ontario
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The majority of the limnological research in Sudbury, Ontario, has focused on the anthropogenic impacts of industrial emissions (SO2 and metals), with the potential effects of cultural eutrophication largely being overlooked. However, the population of the City of Sudbury has grown with the prosperity of the mining sector, which poses a risk to the quality of freshwater resources. As with many environmental issues, there is often a lack of predisturbance data that can assist in gauging the full extent of environmental change. Therefore, paleolimnological approaches were used to track long-term biological changes in sedimentary diatom assemblages related to cultural eutrophication in 4 lakes from Sudbury. Diatom assemblages were primarily dominated by oligotrophic taxa prior to watershed development; however, with the onset of urban environmental stressors (e.g., septic systems, the application of lawn fertilizers and watershed development), there was a shift toward taxa that thrive in more productive systems. Diatom assemblages also seem to track an increase in lakewater pH through time, which is likely related to increased acid neutralizing capacity as a result of watershed disturbances, algal assimilation and bacterial reduction of NO− 3, and increased base cation export from the watershed due to acidic deposition. Insight into predisturbance conditions of the lakes should help lake managers set realistic biological targets for restoration and may be used to help gauge the response of these systems to future mitigation efforts.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it