Modification of galls of<i>Diplolepis triforma</i>(Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) by the parasitoids<i>Eurytoma spongiosa</i>(Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) and<i>Glyphomerus stigma</i>(Hymenoptera: Torymidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Stem galls induced by the cynipidDiplolepis triformaShorthouse and Ritchie are frequently inhabited by several species of parasitic chalcids and ichneumonids that consume inducers or other parasitoids. Two of these parasitoids, the eurytomidEurytoma spongiosaBugbee and the torymidGlyphomerus stigma(Fabr.), consume gall tissues after they have consumed their insect hosts and are considered entomophytophagous. Both are koinobiont ectoparasitoids.Eurytoma spongiosaoviposits within gall chambers and attacks larvae of the inducer throughout the summer season, from the early growth phase of the galls until the galls mature. If the inducer is killed byE. spongiosain early summer, nutritive gall cells degenerate into vacuolate parenchyma and are consumed. If the inducer is killed later in the summer, when galls begin to mature, nutritive cells persist in the chambers for about 1 week before degenerating.Glyphomerus stigmakills and consumes inducer larvae when galls are maturing. New nutritive cells appear under the influence ofG. stigmaand are then consumed. The ability of entomophytophagous chalcids to promote the formation of gall cells provides insight into the derivation of the gall-inducing guild.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".