A Study of the Biofiltration of High-Loads of Toluene in Air: Carbon and Water Balances, Temperature Changes and Nitrogen Effect
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biodegradable atmospheric pollutants, released at low to moderate concentrations, can be removed by biofiltration. In this work, a laboratory-scale compost-based biofilter has been evaluated for the removal of high levels of toluene in air (∼ 4.0 g.m−3). By applying a variable nitrogen input in the irrigation solution, it was shown that the biodegradation extent can be controlled through the nutrient supply. The maximum elimination capacity achieved was 135 g.m−3.h−1, for a N-concentration of 3.0 g of N.L−1. A quantitative analysis of the bioreaction aspects (stoichiometry, temperature) led to the determination of the water flow rates associated with the toluene oxidation. Thus, it was estimated that some 530 to 800 g of water.day−1 were lost at the bioreactor outlet, but were balanced by the irrigation system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".