Effects of St. John's Wort (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i>) on Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Volunteers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressant approved for the prevention of rejection following transplantation and is a substrate for CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. A pharmacokinetic interaction between St. John's wort (antidepressant herbal product and inducer of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein) and tacrolimus was evaluated in 10 healthy volunteers. The pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus were obtained from serial blood samples collected following single oral doses (0.1 mg/kg) prior to and during an 18-day concomitant St. John's wort dosing phase (300 mg orally three times daily). Coadministration of St. John's wort significantly decreased tacrolimus AUC (306.9 microg.h/L +/- 175.8 microg.h/L vs. 198.7 microg.h/L +/- 139.6 microg.h/L; p=0.004) and increased apparent oral clearance (349.0 mL/h/kg +/- 126.0 mL/h/kg vs. 586.4 mL/h/kg +/- 274.9 mL/h/kg; p=0.01) and apparent oral volume of distribution at steady state (11.5 L/kg +/- 4.3 L/kg vs. 17.6 L/kg +/- 9.6 L/kg; p=0.04). St. John's wort appears to induce tacrolimus metabolism, most likely through induction of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".