Coexistence curve of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mtext>−</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>heptane</mml:mtext><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mtext>nitrobenzene</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>mixture near its consolute point measured by an optical method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have measured the coexistence curve of the binary liquid mixture $n\text{\ensuremath{-}}\text{heptane}+\text{nitrobenzene}$ $({\mathrm{C}}_{7}{\mathrm{H}}_{16}+{\mathrm{C}}_{6}{\mathrm{H}}_{5}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{2})$ near its consolute point using an optical method. In particular, the critical exponent $\ensuremath{\beta}$ describing the coexistence curve was measured for this system. Previous experimental values of $\ensuremath{\beta}$ for $n\text{\ensuremath{-}}\text{heptane}+\text{nitrobenzene}$ were higher than the typical theoretically calculated value, an unusual, although not unique, occurrence. In an effort to study this discrepancy, we have used an improved experimental apparatus for our measurements. We have taken special care to minimize temperature gradients and maximize the temperature stability of our thermal control system. We have also exploited features of a known optical method to analyze, thoroughly, sources of systematic errors. We measured an apparent value of $\ensuremath{\beta}$ as $0.367\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006$ and by a careful study of the known sources of error we find that they are not able to remove the discrepancy between the measured and the theoretical values of $\ensuremath{\beta}$. We also measured the critical temperature of the system at ${T}_{C}=(291.80\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ $(18.65\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C})$.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".