Radiography Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Juvenile Spondyloarthritis: Is the MR Image Everything?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) represents a group of related rheumatic diseases that includes ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease, and reactive arthritis, with 10–20% of patients developing their first symptoms during childhood. Juvenile SpA more often begins with peripheral and root joint arthritis and enthesitis than with back pain, the most common presenting feature in adults, even when the eventual outcome is ankylosing spondylitis (AS)1. These differences have necessitated the adoption of age-specific SpA classification criteria where the most common forms of juvenile SpA are encompassed by enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and undifferentiated arthritis2. In adults, SpA classification has moved from distinguishing undifferentiated and differentiated disease3,4 toward criteria that identify patients with back pain who have “axial SpA” (axSpA) versus those with peripheral manifestations only5. AxSpA is present if back pain is present for at least 3 months and is associated with evidence of sacroiliac involvement on imaging [radiographs or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)], or when HLA-B27 and additional features of SpA are present6. Peripheral SpA requires arthritis, enthesitis, or dactylitis, and other features of SpA5. Although axSpA defines individuals who are … Address correspondence to Dr. Colbert, NIH-NIAMS, 10-CRC, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, 1-5142 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1102, USA. E-mail: colbertr{at}mail.nih.gov
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".