Volume of alcohol consumption, patterns of drinking and burden of disease in sub-Saharan Africa, 2002
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the volume of alcohol consumption, type of beverage, patterns of drinking and alcohol-attributable burden of disease among adults in sub- Saharan Africa (SSA) for the year 2002. Exposure data were taken from surveys, the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Status Report on Alcohol and the WHO Global Alcohol Database. Mortality and disability data were obtained directly from WHO. The results showed that adult per capita alcohol consumption (population15 years and above) in SSA was higher than the global consumption rate (7.4 L vs. 6.2 L) and that alcohol consumption per adult drinker was 42% higher than the global rate. Alcohol was responsible for a considerable disease burden: 2.2% of all deaths and 2.5% of all DALYs could be attributed to this exposure. Intentional and unintentional injuries accounted for 53% of all alcohol-attributable deaths and almost 57% of alcohol-attributable disease burden. Among men 70% of all alcohol-attributable injury deaths occurred among 15-44 year olds (52% among women). This first attempt to quantify the health burden attributable to alcohol in SSA provides evidence of the direct health costs associated with drinking in the continent. In light of known effective and cost-effective measures, there is urgent need to implement interventions aimed at reducing levels of risky drinking and the high burden of alcohol-related harm in African countries. KEY WORDS: alcohol consumption, patterns of drinking, sub-Saharan Africa, burden of disease
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".