Impact of oxygen on the accuracy and precision of normoxic polymer gel dosimeters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Diffusion of oxygen in normoxic polymer gel dosimeters was studied. Gel samples in glass tubes were exposed to oxygen for different periods and then irradiated. Oxygen inhibited polymerization at the surface and polymerization occurred at larger depths. However the interface between these two regions revealed a local increase of polymerization. R 2 values in these distinct regions are analyzed in terms of the concentration of oxygen and of antioxidant. Perhaps counter-intuitively, a small concentration of oxygen increases the sensitivity of the gel by consuming antioxidant molecules. The presence of antioxidant molecules is shown to cause a decrease of sensitivity, presumably through interactions with water free radicals and/or polymer radicals. Mixing and filling procedures as well as oxygen penetration from plastic caps or walls of gel containers are potential sources of oxygen-related discrepancies in normoxic polymer gel dosimeters. This effect may cause dosimetric inaccuracies of up to 60%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".