A fundamental parameters approach to calibration of the Mars Exploration Rover Alpha Particle X‐ray Spectrometer: 2. Analysis of unknown samples
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Our fundamental parameters method was recently applied to results from geochemical reference materials to provide a new calibration of the laboratory Alpha Particle X‐ray Spectrometer (APXS) instrument from the Mars Exploration Rovers mission. The method is now extended to provide an iterative approach for the treatment of unknown samples, based upon that initial calibration. It is tested by regarding small subsets of the reference materials and other materials as unknown samples; agreement of derived element concentrations with suppliers' recommended values is good with the exception of certain igneous rock types. In these exceptions, the deviations can be explained via the location of the elements concerned in minority or accessory mineral phases, and different calibration schemes can be developed empirically for specific rock types which are defined via a TAS diagram. The necessary reliance upon an iterative approach in normalizing the sum of oxide concentrations to 100% is investigated. It turns out that this can cause significant errors in derived element concentrations when a significant amount of mineralogically bound water (H 2 O+) is present, but our method has been extended to enable determination of this H 2 O+ concentration under known geometry. Various implications for calibration of the new APXS selected for the Mars Science Laboratory are discussed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".