Dielectric Polarization and the Stages of a Macromolecule's Growth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To investigate the change in the orientation polarization, particularly during the growth of a macromolecule by addition reactions in a liquid, dielectric relaxation spectra of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A have been studied in real time. It is found that in the plot of the dielectric permittivity, ε ‘, measured at a fixed frequency against the polymerization time, the first step of the (inverted) sigmoid-shape part of the spectrum resembling a relaxational decrease is a dc conduction effect. After this effect vanishes, the equilibrium permittivity, ε s, of the liquid increases with time as covalently bonded molecular clusters form at random sites in the bulk liquid, and the dipole orientational correlation increases as a result of hydrogen bonding between the newly formed OH groups. Thereafter, the macromolecule's continuous growth in the liquid decreases the net dipole moment of the covalently bonded network, which decrease ε s . Thus, after the conductance effect has become negligible, a plot of ε s against the polymerization time shows a maximum. Both the dc conductivity, σ 0, and the distribution parameter for dielectric relaxation decrease with time, and σ 0 follows a scaling equation for gelation. The irreversible increase in relaxation time during a macromolecule's growth is explained in terms of a decrease in the configurational entropy, and a relation between the two is provided.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".