Quantification of Histone Acetyltransferase and Histone Deacetylase Transcripts During Early Bovine Embryo Development1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes are very unique cells with an unlimited developmental potential. These totipotent cells are able to remove existing gene-expression patterns and to impose new ones. However, genome reprogramming is still a mystery. Posttranslational modifications by acetylation of the N-termini portion of histones composing the nucleosome are involved in genome reprogramming. These modifications alter the higher-order chromatin structure to render the DNA accessible to the regulatory and transcriptional machinery. In the present study, we have investigated, to our knowledge for the first time, precise expression patterns of seven genes involved in chromatin structure throughout bovine embryo development. Oocytes harvested from bovine ovaries were used for in vitro production of germinal vesicle oocytes, metaphase II oocytes, 2- and 8-cell embryos, and blastocysts. Total RNA was extracted from pools (triplicates) of 20 oocytes or from embryos of each developmental stage. By means of quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using SYBR Green to detect double-stranded DNA, mRNA expression profiles for histone deacetylases (HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC7), histone acetyltransferases (GCN5 and HAT1), and histone H2A were established. Transcripts for all genes were detected at all stages from the oocyte to the blastocyst. The HDAC1, HDAC2 (class I HDAC), and HAT1 (type B HAT) revealed similar expression profiles. The HDAC3 (class I HDAC) tends to have an expression profile similar to those of HDAC1, HDAC2, and HAT1, whereas the HDAC7 (class II HDAC) and GCN5 (type A HAT) profiles were different from those three. These results indicate variable levels of histone deacetylases and histone acetyltransferases throughout embryonic development and may indicate the ones that are involved in somatic remodeling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".