Hypertension and left ventricular mass index (L.VMI) in patients on regular hemodialysis (RDT)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It has already been established that the most frequent cause of death in patients (pts) on RDT is cardiovascular. In fact, more than half of the deaths are related to cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the study was to investigate in pts with end‐stage renal disease the impact of hypertension on LVMI, a parameter which has already been found increased in early renal disease. Two hundred ninety seven pts (174 male) were included in this study with a mean follow‐up of 3 years. Sixty‐ six percent of these pts (first group) were on antihypertensive agents with one or more (in combination up to 4) drugs. Analytically, as monotherapy or in combination, 29.7% of the pts were taking a β‐blocker, 25.7% an a MEA, 8.9% an angiotensin receptor antagonist, 51.5% a calcium channel blocker, 11.9% a centrally active agent and 1% an α‐blocker. Forty‐four percent of the pts (secound group) were not on antihypertensive therapy at any time. Left atrial dimension (LAD) less than 3 cm, left venticular volume (LVV) less than 150 ml, and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) less than 130 gm/m2 for male and less than 100 gm/m2 for female pts were considered as normal values. The above parameters were measured using 3D Gen. Electric echocardiograph (Model VIVIO 3). There was no difference between the 2 groups in sex, age, EPO administration, high or low flux filter dialysis, and remaining urine volume. On the other hand, there was a statistically significant correlation between the systolic blood pressure (BP) and the blood urea before dialysis (p = 0.015) and the increase of body weight in between dialysis (p = 0.03). Finally, there was no statistical difference between the 2 groups in LAD and LVV, but 37.8% of the hypertensives had higher LVMI as compared with 23.2% of the normotensives (x2 = 3.028, p < 0.05). In conclusion, mainly the pts who had no compliance with their diet needed antihypertensive treatment. On the other hand, despite the clinically efficient antihypertensive therapy, the LVMI remained high in this group, and possibly this is one of the reasons of higher morbidity and mortality in this category of patients as it has already been shown in pts before starting haemodialysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".