Hallelujah Lads & Lasses: Remaking the Salvation Army in America, 1880-1930
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Hallelujah Lads & Lasses, Lillian Taiz presents a clear and comprehensive study of the historical development of the Salvation Army in its formative years in the United States. In its early years, it was a rowdy working-class evangelical movement; during the twentieth century, it became primarily a social service organization with a more sedate religious wing that served upwardly mobile second-generation Salvationists. Taiz looks closely at the background of early Salvationists, particularly those who went on to leadership roles as officers (local preachers). Most were working class, though the Army also attracted a minority from middle-class backgrounds. Taiz sketches out the Army's appeal to both working- and middle-class recruits in offering a sense of community as well as leadership positions and meaningful work. The Army may have had a particular appeal to women, since it was very unusual at that time in encouraging women to preach and in opening even high-level leadership positions to them. Taiz discusses in some detail the Army's shift to social service work, which occurred slightly later in the United States than in England.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".