GFRP-Retrofitted Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Simulated Blast Loading
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents experimental results of one as-built and three glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP)-retrofitted reinforced concrete columns subjected to simulated blast loading. Retrofitting involved various configurations of longitudinal and transverse GFRP layers to enhance flexural and shear capacity. The objective was to study the performance and level of protection of the retrofitted columns to mitigate blast effects. The results demonstrated that retrofitting can significantly increase the strength and stiffness of reinforced concrete flexural members and greatly improve blast response. Furthermore, the addition of transverse GFRP wraps can lead to enhancements in the debonding strain and behavior of longitudinal GFRP, as well as an increase in postpeak ductility of concrete. A complementary analytical study based on the single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) dynamic analysis method was conducted to predict the displacement response of the columns. The load–deformation relationships of the columns were computed using a lumped inelasticity analytical model. In addition, modifications to a standard degrading stiffness hysteretic model were proposed to account for accumulated damage due to repeated testing. Satisfactory agreement between the SDOF-predicted and experimentally recorded maximum displacements, time to maximum displacements, and residual displacements were obtained.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it