Inhibition of initiation of reverse transcription in HIV-1 by human APOBEC3F
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vif-negative HIV-1 produced in non-permissive human cells incorporate both APOBEC3F (hA3F) AND APOBEC3G (hA3G), and have a severely reduced ability to produce viral DNA in newly infected cells. While it has been proposed that this reduction is due to deamination of deoxycytidine in viral DNA by either hA3G or hA3F, followed by DNA degradation, recent evidence indicates that the inhibition of viral DNA production can occur independently of DNA editing by either hA3F or hA3G. We have reported that the presence of hA3G in Vif-negative HIV-1 produced from either the non-permissive cell line, H9, or from transfected 293T cells transiently or stably expressing hA3G, results in a >or=50% reduction in the ability of primer tRNA(Lys3) to initiate reverse transcription in these virions, and that this is correlated with a similar reduction in the production of early DNA transcripts in the infected cells. In this work, we show that, like hA3G, hA3F in Vif-negative virions also results in a similar reduction in the initiation of reverse transcription in HIV-1, which is correlated with the inhibition of early viral DNA synthesis in the cell, and which does not require cytidine-deamination of DNA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".