Public Libraries Reading in Quebec: A History of Censorship Freedom
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Quebec public libraries have had a complex and eventful history. It was only a half century ago, in 1960, that a public library policy was set up. Between 1760 and 1840, Quebec had a subscription library founded by English- speaking residents, and, after 1840, a parish library for the French-speaking residents. Under the control of the Catholic Church, the parish library was a major phenomenon in the history of public literacy in Quebec. Parish libraries and the public libraries belong to two different ideologies, two different world visions. They were polar opposites. At the beginning of the 1960s, the public library chased out the parish library. The modernization of institutions during what is called the ‘Quiet Revolution’ in the early 1960s radically changed, among other things, public reading policy. The public library has since affirmed its place and influence across the province of Quebec, both in cities and rural areas. Performance indicators for libraries, reinforced by the huge success of the Grande Bibliothèque in Montreal, clearly show that public libraries are now lively and dynamic institutions in Quebec.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.017 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".