Oualidia lagoon, Morocco: an estuary without a river
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study describes some physical oceanography features of an estuary maintained by fresh groundwater inflow. The mesoscale variability of currents, temperature and salinity are documented from moored current meter observations of 12 days duration at three stations. Current speeds exceeded 0.7m.s−1 during spring tides and decrease to 0.1m.s−1 during neap tides. Current directions followed the major channel axes, reversing by 180 degrees between the flood and the ebb tides. Harmonic analysis indicated that tidal currents were mainly semi-diurnal, with a predominance of the M2 harmonic, but included M4 and M6 sub-harmonics, possibly resulting from non-linear interactions of the flow with the shallow bottom and channel curvatures. Close to the lagoon entrance the water is of marine character but, further upstream, salinity decreased significantly. In the absence of river runoff, this decrease must result from some yet undisclosed underground freshwater inflow. The water renewal time estimated using the tidal prism method was at least two tidal cycles. Using the fresh-water fraction method, the groundwater inflow was estimated to be 2.3m3.s−1 at most. Coupled 2D hydrodynamic and advection-dispersion models (MIKE21) were then used to verify some renewal times. The tidally averaged renewal time for the whole lagoon was found to be 7 days, while the local renewal time at the upstream end of the lagoon was 25 days. Finally, an inverse modelling approach using MIKE21 was used to estimate the groundwater inflow required to produce the observed salinities. That inflow was found to be 0.25m3.s−1 for the period under consideration, showing that the tidal prism method gave flows that were far too high.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".