CKS1B nuclear expression is inversely correlated with p27Kip1 expression and is predictive of an adverse survival in patients with multiple myeloma
Post-publication record
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: CKS1B is a member of the highly conserved cyclin kinase subunit 1 (CKS1) family that interacts with cyclin-dependent kinases and plays an important role in cell cycle progression. We and others have shown that CKS1B amplification located on chromosome 1q21 is an adverse prognostic factor in multiple myeloma, but its relationship with CKS1B nuclear protein expression, is unclear. The aim of this study was to correlate nuclear CKS1B protein immunoreactivity, 1q21 amplification status, p27(Kip1) expression and survival in patients with newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma. DESIGN AND METHODS: Nuclear expression of CKS1B and p27(Kip1) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in decalcified, paraffin-embedded bone marrow biopsies from 94 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Clonal plasma cells of the bone marrow aspirates from the same cohort were examined for CKS1B gene status by interphase cytoplasmic fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Fluorescence in situ hybridization detected the 1q21 amplification in 36 (38%) of the 94 patients and immunohistochemistry showed CKS1B protein expression in 37 (39%). Thirty-two (86%) of the 36 amplified (1q21) cases expressed CKS1B and 31 (84%) of the 37 CKS1B immunore-active cases had amplified 1q21. 1q21 amplification and CKS1B protein expression were strongly correlated (P<0.0001). CKS1B protein expression was inversely correlated with p27(Kip1) immunostaining (P<0.0001) and was associated with a shorter overall survival (median 44.5 versus 89.3 months, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemistry for CKS1B is a simple, rapid method that appears to predict 1q21 amplification and adverse outcome for risk stratification of patients with multiple myeloma.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".