CAN JUVENILE HORMONE RESEARCH HELP REJUVENATE INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In the 1960s, the prediction that synthetic juvenile hormones (JHs) and their analogs would form the basis of a new generation of insecticides with enhanced target specificity greatly stimulated research on this hormone. Although JH-based insecticides were found to be effective against certain groups of insect pests, their shortcomings soon became apparent; however, current JH research provides new opportunities and ideas for the development of innovative integrated pest management (IPM) tools and strategies aimed at disrupting JH functions. Interfering with JH endocrinology requires that we either artificially increase JH titers at stages of development when titers are normally low or artificially reduce JH titers at stages of development when titers are normally high. Our discussion is organized around these two conceptual approaches and covers such areas as (i) the isolation and cloning of JH receptors; (ii) the characterization of polydnavirus and entomopoxvirus gene products responsible for the inhibition of host metamorphosis; (iii) the isolation and molecular cloning of allatostatins and the design of allatostatic pseudopeptides; (iv) the characterization of JH biosynthetic enzymes specific to the Lepidoptera; (v) the characterization of regulatory material originating from parasitic wasps of the genusChelonusPanzer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), which induce precocious metamorphosis in their hosts; (vi) a tree resistance mechanism involving anti-JH effects resulting in the failure of female insects to produce and lay eggs; and (vii) the cloning of JH esterase and epoxide hydrolase cDNAs and the production of recombinant baculoviruses that overexpress these JH-degradative enzymes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".