Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric determination of heavy metals in sea-water samples after pre-treatment with a chelating resin disk by an on-line flow injection method
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new on-line flow injection (FI) pre-treatment system using a disk-type chelating resin (5 mm diameter, 0.5 mm thickness) was developed for the simultaneous multi-element determination of trace metals in sea-water samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A chelating resin possessing an iminodiacetate (IDA) functional group was used for the collection of trace elements and the elimination of alkali and alkaline earth metals in highly concentrated salt solution. A 1 ml volume of a sea-water sample (pH 5.5) was applied to the chelating resin disk. Considering the removal efficiency for Ca, 50 mM ammonium acetate buffer solution (pH 5.5) was chosen as a sample carrier. The enriched trace metals were eluted with 0.1 M nitric acid and the eluate flowed into the ICP-MS system. The processing time for one sample was < 6 min (350 s). One of the important observations is the possibility of working with a low recovery, even lower than 50%. For example, several elements such as Mn, Cr, As, Mo, Ba and U, the recovery of which was < 50% in a batch-wise method, showed good linearity and reproducibility. The proposed method was evaluated by analyzing two kinds of sea-water certified reference materials, CASS-4 and NASS-5. Analytical data for eight heavy metals, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Cd and U, obtained from the present study agreed well with the certified values.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it