Peri‐Implant Bone Organization under Immediate Loading Conditions: Collagen Fiber Orientation and Mineral Density Analyses in the Minipig Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mechanical properties of bones are greatly influenced by percentages of organic and mineral constituents. Nevertheless, information about mineralization level on a microscopic scale and collagen fiber organization in peri-implant bone after immediate loading is scarce. PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to analyze and compare the degree of mineralization and collagen fiber orientation in alveolar bone (AB) and peri-implant bone of immediately loaded (IL) and unloaded (NL) implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 25 dental implants of 3.8 mm in diameter and 11 mm in length were used in the present study. In five minipigs, three premolars and the first molar were removed from the left side of the mandible. Three months later, five implants for each animal were inserted. Four implants were loaded immediately with a fixed restoration, while one implant was left unloaded. After a 4-month healing period, all implants were retrieved. Circularly polarized light and scanning electron microscope with backscattered electron imaging were used to analyze both peri-implant and AB retrieved 5 mm from the implant. RESULTS: The bone/implant contact ratio (BIC %) was 77.8 +/- 5.9% for the IL implants and 78.0 +/- 5.8% for the NL implants; the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.554). In the peri-implant bone, the area related to transverse collagen fibers was 112,453 +/- 4,605 pixels for IL implants and 87,256 +/- 2,428 pixels for NL implants. In the AB, the area related to transverse collagen fibers was 172,340 +/- 3,892 pixels. The difference between groups was statistically significant (p < .001). The degree of mineralization of peri-implant bone was 137 +/- 19 gray level for IL implants and 115 +/- 24 gray level for NL implants, while in the AB, the degree of mineralization was 125 +/- 26 gray level. This difference was statistically significant (p < .001). CONCLUSION: In this study, it was found that IL and NL implants showed the same degree of osseointegration. The bone matrix around IL implants had a higher quantity of transverse collagen fibers and presented a higher level of mineralization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".