MIGRATION AND SURVIVAL OF PARNASSIUS SMINTHEUS: DETECTING EFFECTS OF HABITAT FOR INDIVIDUAL BUTTERFLIES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We examined the migration and survival of the butterfly Parnassius smintheus in a heterogeneous landscape consisting of 21 habitat patches imbedded in a matrix of meadow and forest habitat. We modified an existing mark–release–recapture model to account for multiple habitat types and fit the model to data for 839 and 873 individuals in two separate years. Migration was infrequent with only 24 and 27 observed movements between patches in each year. Daily within‐patch survival was moderate (>0.90) and did not vary greatly with patch isolation. Estimated mortality during migration was low, but increased markedly for isolated populations. Despite the limited data, the model showed that forest matrix habitat reduced migration distance to a greater degree than did meadow habitat, indicating that the effective isolation of populations depends on both the habitat type and the distance between populations. This result concurs with previous investigations of these data, demonstrating the utility of the model even when movement is infrequent. Studies of migration are often hampered by few observable events. Our model provides reasonable estimates given few migration events. The ecological results of this study illustrate the need for spatial population studies to account for the effects of different habitat types on the migration of individuals among habitat patches. Our results also suggest management options for the conservation of endangered Parnassius species in other parts of the world.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".