Laser welding of Ti–5Al–5V–5Mo–3Cr
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr butt joints were welded using a 4 kW continuous wave Nd:YAG laser. The effect of welding speed and defocusing distance on the weld quality was investigated. Welds with full penetration were achieved at a defocusing distance ranging from-1 to 0 mm and welding speeds from 2·25 to 6·0 m min -1. Underfill and porosity were the two main defects most frequently observed; however, within the optimum process window, these defects could be maintained to meet aerospace specification tolerances. The fusion zone consisted entirely of retained β with a refined dendritic morphology. Compared with the bimodal α+β microstructure of the base metal, dissolution of the α phase in the heat affected zone and the presence of entirely metastable/retained β phase in the fusion zone were observed, which led to a significant decrease in the HAZ and FZ hardness. To determine the tensile properties of the welds, an automated three-dimensional deformation measurement system was used to measure the local strain in the weld region. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increased with welding speed, achieving a maximum joint efficiency of 75%, albeit with a concomitant reduction in the ductility. © 2011 Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".