Wake Fields Behind Risers Undergoing Vortex-Induced Vibration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents measurements of the wake field behind three riser models obtained by using a Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV). The three riser models were a circular rigid cylinder, a cylinder fitted with fairings and a cylinder fitted with strakes. The models were free to vibrate in the cross-flow direction when towed in a uniform flow. The range of tested Reynolds number based on the diameter of the cylinder was from 3×104 to 2.5×105. The measurement results showed that the transverse vibration amplitudes for both the faired and straked cylinder were far less than those of the bare cylinder. Based on the wake flow field comparison between the models tested it was found that the modes of vortex shedding observed behind the bare cylinder did not occur behind either the faired or straked cylinder. This reveals that the vibrations responses of the cylinders are directly related to their wake modes. Strong, regularly shed vortices induce large amplitude vibration and weak, scattered vortices lead small amplitude or no vibration. The different wake patterns are presented for the three cylinders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".