Succession and community composition of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in bulk soil of a Japanese paddy field
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study describes succession in the abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the upland and flooded bulk soils of a Japanese rice paddy field over 2 years using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction of both crenarchaeotal and betaproteobacterial ammonia monooxygenase alpha subunit (amoA) genes. A marked increase in the abundance of AOA amoA gene was observed in upland bulk soil after plowing, drainage and rice harvesting. A marked increase was also observed in the abundance of AOB amoA gene after plowing. The abundances of both AOA and AOB amoA genes in flooded bulk soil decreased immediately after flooding. During the middle period of flooding, the abundance of AOA amoA gene increased slightly in the flooded bulk soil. As the flooding subsided, the abundance of AOA amoA gene decreased, whereas that of AOB amoA gene increased. The AOA amoA gene sequences were affiliated with two phylogenetic clusters previously found in marine and soil environments. Both Nitrosospira-like and Nitrosomonas-like clones were detected. Our results revealed that there was a difference in the succession of abundances between AOA and AOB amoA genes in Japanese bulk paddy soil.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".