Benign Epithelial Inclusions in Peripancreatic Lymph Nodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Benign epithelial inclusions are rarely found in peripancreatic lymph nodes and have not been studied by up-to-date immunohistochemistry. Here, we describe 2 cases of benign epithelial inclusions in the peripancreatic lymph nodes with discussion of differential diagnosis. The first case was a 2.2 cm lymph node from a 61-year-old woman with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The second case was a 4.3 cm lymph node from a 28-year-old man with distal common bile duct cholangiocarcioma. The epithelial inclusions in the first case consisted of several small squamous cell nests with central duct-like lumina. The lymph node from the second case showed convoluted cystic inclusions lined by a single layer of bland cuboidal epithelium with scattered mucin-producing cells. We also conducted literature review on similar lesions and found that some lesions were associated with pancreatic hetertopia. It is imperative in clinical practice to distinguish these epithelial inclusions in the lymph nodes from tumor metastasis. A hypothetic connection of these benign epithelial inclusions in the peripancreatic lymph nodes to the enigmatic pancreatic lymphoepithelial cysts is suggested.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".