Cold‐Induced Biochemical and Molecular Changes in Alfalfa Populations Selectively Improved for Freezing Tolerance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Synthetic populations obtained after successive cycles of recurrent selection for superior tolerance to freezing were used to probe the molecular bases of superior adaptation to cold in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). The initial genetic backgrounds and populations derived from the cultivars Apica and Evolution were assessed for their freezing tolerance and cold‐induced molecular changes using plants acclimated to natural hardening conditions in an unheated greenhouse. Significant increase in freezing tolerance in response to recurrent selection was confirmed by the determination of the lethal temperature for 50% of the plants (LT 50 ). Improvement of freezing tolerance was associated with differences in cold‐induced molecular changes. Starch reserves in crowns progressively declined during fall hardening with a more extensive mobilization observed in advanced cycles of selection. Concentrations of cryoprotective sugars and of the amino acids proline, asparagine, and arginine increased during fall hardening and were significantly higher in recurrently selected populations than in the initial backgrounds. Transcript levels of two cold‐regulated (COR) genes, cas15 and GaS , were strongly up‐regulated during fall hardening and significantly increased in response to selection mostly in the Apica background. Our results provide evidence that recurrent selection for superior freezing tolerance in alfalfa induces marked changes in traits associated with the cold acclimation process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".