Infant Sleep and the Quality of Family Life for First-Time Parents of Three-Month-Old Infants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While it is widely recognized that sleep patterns in early infancy can affect the quality of family life, studies have focused primarily on sleep problems that emerge in later infancy. Further, researchers have tended to conceptualize the quality of family life primarily in terms of the psychological functioning of the mother and have thus ignored the experiences of fathers. Grounded in a family systems framework, this study explores the relationship between nighttime infant sleep duration, infant negativity, psychological and relational functioning in first-time parents of three-month-old infants. Infant sleep duration was significantly associated with father’s reports of parenting stress, family functioning and infant negativity. Infant sleep duration was related to fathers’ psychological functioning with fathers whose infants slept for shorter periods reporting higher levels of distress than fathers whose infants slept for longer periods of time. Contrary to expectations, neither mothers’ psychological functioning, nor mothers’ or fathers’ ratings of relational functioning were significantly associated with infant sleep duration. These results highlight the importance of studying the influences of normal infant behaviors on new parents and of expanding the study of early infant development beyond a focus on the mother-child dyad.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".