Snow avalanche activity after fire and logging disturbances, northern Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In mountainous areas, ecological disturbances causing forest fragmentation may influence the pattern and regime of snow avalanches. In the northern Gaspé Peninsula (Quebec), at two sites located on treed slopes of a southnorth oriented valley, tree removal by fire and logging operations was the precursor factor for avalanche activity. Years of high-magnitude snow avalanches were identified based on tree-ring techniques; these avalanches were different from those identified by Dubé et al. (2004) for three undisturbed scree-slope sites in the same area. The lack of synchronicity in avalanche occurrences between disturbed and undisturbed sites suggests a strong influence of local factors (e.g., disturbance, local topography, slope aspect, vegetation). The first avalanche years were recorded in 1941 and 1988, after a fire in 1938 and logging operations in 19861987, respectively. Both of these years had above average snowfalls; this indicates that climate (total annual snowfall) was also a contributing factor for avalanche activity. The avalanche window in the post-logging site was shorter (four years) than that of the post-fire site (1520 years). This is an indication that avalanche activity after tree removal largely depends on the capacity of woody vegetation to reach heights sufficient to control snow drifting and thus avalanche activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".