Characteristics of Turbulent Three-Dimensional Wall Jets
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three-dimensional turbulent wall jet was investigated using a particle image velocimetry technique. Three Reynolds numbers based on the jet exit velocity and diameter of 5000, 10,000, and 20,000 were studied. Profiles of the mean velocities, turbulence intensities, and Reynolds shear stresses as well as two-point velocity correlations and proper orthogonal decomposition analyses were used to document the salient features of the wall jets. The decay and spread rates are independent of Reynolds numbers in the self-similar region. The estimated values of 1.15, 0.054, and 0.255 for the decay rate, wall-normal spread rate, and lateral spread rate, respectively, are within the range of values reported in the literature. The two-point correlation analysis showed that the inclination of the streamwise velocity correlation contours in the inner layer is 11±3 deg in the wall region, which is similar to those of canonical turbulent boundary layers. The results from the proper orthogonal decomposition indicate that low-order modes contribute more to the turbulence statistics in the self-similar region than in the developing region. The Reynolds shear stresses are the biggest benefactors of the low-order mode contribution while the wall-normal turbulence intensities are the least.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it