Comparison of Multi-Tank and Large Single Tank Thermal Storages for Solar DHW Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The performance of a multi-tank water storage was studied by experiment and computer simulation. The unit investigated consisted of three 270 L storage tanks connected in series and was charged through individual side-arm, natural convection heat exchangers. Laboratory tests were conducted on a specially instrumented prototype to characterize its performance in terms of temperature stratification, heat transfer and energy storage rates. Based on these tests, a computer model of a complete multi-tank solar thermal system was created. With this model, the performance of a multi-unit storage was compared to a single-tank system of equal total storage volume for a multi-family solar domestic hot water (SDHW) system application. Data were produced for two U.S. locations representative of differing climatic locations. Results show that a reasonably insulated multi-tank system can be used in place of a large single tank with only a small reduction in delivered solar energy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".